V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) charging is a technology that allows electric vehicles (EVs) to not only draw power from the grid but also supply excess energy back to it, enabling bidirectional energy flow. It works through specialized bidirectional chargers and advanced communication systems that manage energy transfer between EVs and the grid, helping to balance supply and demand.
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology enables electric vehicles to act as mobile energy storage units that can both charge from and discharge electricity to the power grid. This process relies on bidirectional chargers, which are capable of converting AC (alternating current) to DC (direct current) and vice versa, allowing for two-way energy flow. Unlike traditional unidirectional chargers, V2G chargers facilitate complex power conversion processes necessary for bidirectional transfer, making the system more sophisticated and efficient [4].
V2G technology has the potential to significantly enhance grid stability and efficiency by providing ancillary services such as load balancing, frequency regulation, and peak shaving. When EVs are plugged in, they can supply stored energy during periods of high demand, reducing stress on the grid and integrating renewable energy sources more effectively [2].
Major projects, such as those led by JET Charge in Australia, have demonstrated the practical application of V2G systems, particularly in regions like the ACT, where large-scale V2G trials have been conducted to explore its benefits and operational challenges [1].
Overall, V2G is expected to become a standard feature in future EVs and charging stations, contributing to a more resilient and sustainable energy system by leveraging the widespread adoption of electric vehicles [3].