V2G charging offers benefits such as enabling electric vehicles to act as energy storage, helping balance supply and demand on the grid, and providing potential financial incentives for EV owners. It also supports the integration of renewable energy sources and enhances grid stability.
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology allows electric vehicle (EV) batteries to not only charge from the grid but also return stored energy back to it, functioning as mobile energy storage units. This bidirectional flow of electricity can help stabilize the electrical grid by balancing supply and demand, especially when renewable energy sources like solar and wind are intermittent [1].
One of the primary benefits of V2G is its capacity to store excess renewable energy during periods of low demand and release it during peak times, thereby reducing reliance on fossil fuel-based power plants and aiding countries' efforts to reach net-zero emissions by 2050 [1].
Additionally, EV owners can potentially earn financial credits or incentives by supplying energy back to the grid, which can offset charging costs or generate income [3]. V2G also enhances grid resilience by providing additional energy resources during outages or high demand periods [2].
To facilitate V2G, specialized bidirectional chargers are required, which enable the flow of electricity in both directions—charging the vehicle and feeding energy back to the grid or home [1], [4]. Overall, V2G technology supports a more flexible, sustainable, and resilient energy system, integrating renewable sources more effectively and offering economic benefits to EV owners.